Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts By Capriotti Frizzell-Test Bank

Chapter 1: The Role of Cells in Health and Disease

Multiple Choice
Select the most suitable option that finishes the sentence or responds to the question.

____ 1. Which assertion concerning the sodium-potassium pump is accurate?
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more permeable to sodium ions than potassium ions.
2. Sodium ions should be more concentrated inside the cell compartment.
3. Potassium ions should have a higher concentration outside the cell compartment.
4. The active transport involves expelling three sodium ions and admitting two potassium ions.

____ 2. What is the process through which glucose is utilized to generate energy?
1. Autolysis
2. Glycolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. None of the aforementioned

____ 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are created in aerobic energy production?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 34
4. None of the options provided

____ 4. Which cell components are believed to have previously existed as self-sustaining and autonomous entities?
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acid
4. Deoxyribonucleic acid

____ 5. Why does more energy get produced during physical exercise?
1. There is an augmentation in protein synthesis.
2. There is a rise in pyruvic acid production within cells.
3. There is an enhancement in the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid.
4. There is an increase in mitochondria production in muscle cells.

____ 6. At what point does ribosomal protein synthesis halt?
1. When facing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
2. During ATP synthesis
3. In severe hypoxic conditions
4. During prohormone processing

____ 7. The cellular structure responsible for moving mucus and inhaled particles out of the lungs is
1. cilia.
2. microfilament.
3. secretory vesicle.
4. endoplasmic reticulum.

____ 8. What are the crucial proteins in the contractile units of muscle cells?
1. Actin and myosin
2. Myosin and tubulin
3. Tubulin and actin
4. None of the options listed

____ 9. What deficiency leads to Tay-Sach’s disease?
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes

____ 10. Adrenoleukodystrophy is defined by
1. Accumulation of ganglioside.
2. Halting of ribosomal protein synthesis.
3. Increasing cellular proteasome activity.
4. Accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the nervous system.

____ 11. Which statement accurately describes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress?
1. Proteins are rapidly degraded during ER stress.
2. Lipids are unable to reach their correct intracellular sites during ER stress.
3. Accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the nervous system occurs during ER stress.
4. Non-degraded substances accumulate in cells during ER stress.

____ 12. What is known as the protein factory of the cell?
1. Ribosome
2. Mitochondria
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Endoplasmic reticulum

____ 13. What serves as a blueprint for protein construction?
1. Transfer RNA
2. Ribosomal RNA
3. Messenger RNA
4. Mitochondrial DNA

____ 14. A hiker encounters muscle pain and acidosis while climbing a mountain. What causes these symptoms?
1. Cellular hypoxia
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema

____ 15. What attribute of DNA enables it to replicate uniquely?
1. The precise alignment of nitrogenous bases
2. The existence of pyrimidine bases
3. The presence of nucleotides
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond